Climate wiki "Don't listen to me. Listen to the science” – Greta Thunberg
Climate wiki "Don't listen to me. Listen to the science” – Greta Thunberg
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The story of climate change…
…is full of drama, mystery, and intrigue. It begins billions of years ago, involves massive impacts from comets, continents smashing into one another, Earth’s wobbly orbit around the sun, and of course, people—heroes and villains and everyday people of all ages. Who knew what, when? What’s causing it today? Where’s the evidence? How will it affect us here in Aotearoa? And how is the world and New Zealand responding?
People have been trying to unravel these mysteries for over 150 years. Their journeys from Antarctica to Siberia, the deepest oceans to the upper atmosphere, and the far more treacherous realms of power, corruption and greed, are yours to discover in this climate wiki section of the website, in four parts set out in the menus below.
Because Earth systems are complex and interlinked, and because our responses are equally complex, some pages appear in more than one section. For example, changes to ocean currents are evidence of climate change, contribute to the causes, and have profound impacts on everything from sea levels and Aotearoa New Zealand’s weather to the oxygen we need to breath and the food we need to grow.
![]()
The story of climate change…
…is full of drama, mystery, and intrigue. It begins billions of years ago, involves massive impacts from comets, continents smashing into one another, Earth’s wobbly orbit around the sun, and of course, people—heroes and villains and everyday people of all ages. Who knew what, when? What’s causing it today? Where’s the evidence? How will it affect us here in Aotearoa? And how is the world and New Zealand responding?
People have been trying to unravel these mysteries for over 150 years. Their journeys from Antarctica to Siberia, the deepest oceans to the upper atmosphere, and the far more treacherous realms of power, corruption and greed, are yours to discover in this climate wiki section of the website, in four parts set out in the menus below.
Because Earth systems are complex and interlinked, some pages appear in more than one section. For example, changes to ocean currents are evidence of climate change, contribute to the causes, and have profound impacts on everything from sea levels and Aotearoa New Zealand’s weather to the oxygen we need to breath and the food we need to grow.
Causes
- A brief history of climate change: who knew what, when
- What causes climate change?
- Would the climate be warming without humans?
- Is it just a cycle? (Earth’s wobbly orbit)
- Sunspots & solar activity
- Land use: agriculture & cities
- Volcanoes
- Ocean currents
- Black carbon & ash
- Albedo effect
- Hydrogen
- Greenhouse gases & how they work
- – Carbon dioxide & the carbon cycle
- – Methane: biogenic (mostly cows) & ‘natural’ gas
- – Nitrous oxide (mostly agriculture)
- – Clouds & water vapour
- – Ozone
- – Man-made industrial chemicals
- – Aerosol pollution
- How to start an Ice Age!
- What’s in a name?
Effects
- Planetary Boundaries & Tipping Points
- Extreme weather & event attribution
- ENSO: El Niño & La Niña
- Feedback effects of warming
- Wildfires increasing
- Antarctica melting
- Antarctic sea ice disappearing
- Arctic sea ice disappearing
- Greenland melting
- Ocean currents changing
- Oceans warming
- Ocean acidification
- Melting permafrost & burning ice
- New Zealand’s disappearing glaciers
- Black carbon & ash on snow
- Seasons changing
- How we know about past climates: proxy data
Impacts
- Irreversible tipping points
- Feedback effects
- How hot could it get?
- ENSO: El Niño & La Niña
- Aotearoa’s changing climate
- – The forecast for Canterbury
- Rising sea levels
- – Canterbury sea levels
- Floods bigger & more often
- Ocean heating
- Ocean acidfication
- Ocean currents changing
- Wildfires bigger & more often
- Food insecurity
- Losing our glaciers
- Black carbon & ash on snow
- Animal & plants moving or dying
- Biodiversity vanishing
- Broken life-support systems
- More diseases and pandemics
- What will it cost us?
- Arctic ice loss impacts on NZ
- Antarctic sea ice loss impacts NZ
Response
- What is being done?
- Restoring our ecosystems
- Brief history of climate change: who knew what, when
- IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- The Paris Agreement
- NDCs: Nationally Determined Contributions
- Climate Change Commission
- Emissions trading scheme: ETS
- NZ policies & strategies
- Modelling the future climate
- Technology: capture & store CO2
- – Via enhanced rock weathering
- – Store CO2 in trees…but mostly pines!
- – Store CO2 underground
- – Store CO2 in the ocean
- – Store CO2 in concrete
- Retreat from coasts and rivers
- Managing climate anxiety
Adaptation
- Adaptation
- Interactive datamaps
- Adaptation exemplar: Tūhaitara Coastal Park
- Managed retreat
- Maladaptation: Coastal wetlands left high and dry under Ministry proposals
- Maladaptation: ‘Carbon mining’ short term gain, long term pain
- Site map / search this website
- OTHER WEBSITES:
- National Climate Change Risk Assessment: 2026
- First National Adaptation Plan: 2022
- Climate Adaptation Platform
- NIWA: Serious games as a tool to engage people
- National Science Challenges (NSC): Innovations for adaptation
- NSC: Adaptation planning – communities
- Coastal Adaptation: What does success look like
- Environment Defence Society
- Lawyers for Climate Action
- Solutions: Project Drawdown
- Future Curious: education resource
- Adaptive tools: water infrastructure
- Low flammability plants
- Loss and damage: What happens when climate change destroys lives and cultures?
- Zero Hunger Collective
- NSC: Adaptation planning – maraes
- NSC: Embedding adaptation
- NSC: Vision Mātauranga Future Pathways
- ECan: adaptation actions by local authorities
- Optimal Adaptation to Uncertain Climate Change
Innovation
- Overview
- Agrivoltaics
- Biocement: bricks grown from microorganisms
- Negative emissions technologies
- Carbon negative concrete
- Enhanced mineral weathering: store carbon in basalt soil fertiliser
- Fungi absorbs 30% of emissions annually
- Hydrogen
- OTHER WEBSITES:
- Algae that cleans waterways & provides energy
- Artificial reefs made from shellfish
- Aspiring Minerals
- Black flies recycling organic waste
- Carbon Crop: carbon farming assessment
- Carbon negative bio-thermoplastic
- Celllular agriculture: precision fermentation
- Climate Leaders Coalition NZ
- Creating Azola forests
- Desalination cheaper than tap water
- Dunite: storing carbon in agricultural soils
- EECA: Energy Efficiency Authority
- EmGuard: NZ made biodegradable plant guards
- Environmental Defence Society
- Generation Less
- Land Scanner
- Living seawalls
- NIWA: climate research
- NZ Lawyers for Climate Action
- Policy & planning: how to avoid maladaptation
- Project Drawdown
- Reducing nitrous oxide in agriculture
- Reducing methane from cows
- Regenerative agriculture: National Science Challenges
- Regenerative agriculture: Quorum Sense
- RethinkX: disruptive technologies
- Transition Engineering: AEMS lab NZ
- Toxic site remediation using plants & fungi
