Climate wiki "Don't listen to me. Listen to the science” – Greta Thunberg
Climate wiki "Don't listen to me. Listen to the science” – Greta Thunberg
The story of climate change…
…is full of drama, mystery, and intrigue. It begins billions of years ago, involves massive impacts from comets, continents smashing into one another, Earth’s wobbly orbit around the sun, and of course, people—heroes and villains and everyday people of all ages. Who knew what, when? What’s causing it today? Where’s the evidence? How will it affect us here in Aotearoa? And how is the world and New Zealand responding?
People have been trying to unravel these mysteries for over 150 years. Their journeys from Antarctica to Siberia, the deepest oceans to the upper atmosphere, and the far more treacherous realms of power, corruption and greed, are yours to discover in this climate wiki section of the website, in four parts set out in the menus below.
Because Earth systems are complex and interlinked, and because our responses are equally complex, some pages appear in more than one section. For example, changes to ocean currents are evidence of climate change, contribute to the causes, and have profound impacts on everything from sea levels and New Zealand’s weather to the oxygen we need to breath and the food we need to grow.
The story of climate change…
…is full of drama, mystery, and intrigue. It begins billions of years ago, involves massive impacts from comets, continents smashing into one another, Earth’s wobbly orbit around the sun, and of course, people—heroes and villains and everyday people of all ages. Who knew what, when? What’s causing it today? Where’s the evidence? How will it affect us here in Aotearoa? And how is the world and New Zealand responding?
People have been trying to unravel these mysteries for over 150 years. Their journeys from Antarctica to Siberia, the deepest oceans to the upper atmosphere, and the far more treacherous realms of power, corruption and greed, are yours to discover in this climate wiki section of the website, in four parts set out in the menus below.
Because Earth systems are complex and interlinked, some pages appear in more than one section. For example, changes to ocean currents are evidence of climate change, contribute to the causes, and have profound impacts on everything from sea levels and New Zealand’s weather to the oxygen we need to breath and the food we need to grow.
Causes
- A brief history of climate change: who knew what, when
- What causes climate change?
- Would the climate be warming without humans?
- Is it just a cycle? (Earth’s wobbly orbit)
- Sunspots & solar activity
- Land use: agriculture & cities
- Volcanoes
- Ocean currents
- Black carbon & ash
- Hydrogen
- Greenhouse gases & how they work
- – Carbon dioxide & the carbon cycle
- – Methane: biogenic (mostly cows) & ‘natural’ gas
- – Nitrous oxide (mostly agriculture)
- – Clouds & water vapour
- – Ozone
- – Man-made industrial chemicals
- – Aerosol pollution
- How to start an Ice Age!
- What’s in a name?
Effects
- Extreme weather (Event Attribution)
- Dangerous tipping points
- Feedback effects of warming
- Antarctica melting
- Antarctic sea ice disappearing
- Arctic sea ice disappearing
- Greenland melting
- Ocean currents changing
- Melting permafrost & burning ice
- Marine heatwaves
- New Zealand’s disappearing glaciers
- Black carbon & ash on snow
- Oceans becoming more acidic
- Seasons are changing
- How we know about past climates: proxy data
Impacts
- Irreversible tipping points
- Aotearoa’s changing climate
- How hot could it get?
- What will it cost us?
- Food insecurity
- Agriculture: irrational economics
- The forecast for Canterbury
- Floods
- Sea levels rising
- Canterbury sea levels
- Ocean acidfication
- Marine heatwaves increasing
- Ocean currents changing
- More wildfires, less snow
- Black carbon & ash on snow
- Losing our glaciers
- Animal & plants moving or dying
- Biodiversity vanishing
- Broken life-support systems
- More diseases and pandemics
- Arctic ice loss impacts NZ
- Antarctic sea ice loss impacts NZ
Response
- What is being done?
- Models: forecasting future climate
- Carbon dioxide removal
- Enhanced rock weathering
- Retreating from coasts and rivers
- Managing climate anxiety
- Plant trees…but mostly pines!
- Emissions trading scheme: ETS
- IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- The Paris Agreement
- NDCs: Nationally Determined Contributions
- NZ policies & strategies
- Climate Change Commission
- Brief history of climate change: who knew what, when
Adaptation
- Adaptation
- Innovation
- Managed retreat
- Flood education resources
- Aotearoa New Zealand’s First National Adaptation Plan
- Adaptation on North Canterbury Coast: Tūhairara Coastal Park
- Managing climate anxiety
- Degrowth vs Green Growth
- Adaptive tools: water infrastructure compounded by climate change
- Coastal Adaptation: What does success look like
- ECan: adaptation actions by local authorities
- Future Curious: education resource
- Livestock feed additive to reduce methane
- Loss and damage: What happens when climate change destroys lives and cultures?
- Maladaptation: ‘Carbon mining’ short term gain, long term pain
- Maladaptation: Coastal wetlands left high and dry under Ministry proposals
- National Science Challenges (NSC): Innovations for adaptation
- NSC: Adaptation planning – communities
- NSC: Adaptation planning – maraes
- NSC: Embedding adaptation
- NSC: Vision Mātauranga Future Pathways
- Ngāi Tahu: Climate Change Strategy
- NIWA: Serious games as a tool to engage people
- Optimal Adaptation to Uncertain Climate Change
- Zero Hunger Collective
Innovation
- Start here: overview
- Carbon Dioxide Removal
- Storing CO2 in our rocks
- Agrivoltaics
- Biocement: bricks grown from microorganisms
- Blue carbon: seaweed/kelp
- Blue carbon: seagrass
- Carbon negative concrete
- Enhanced mineral weathering: store carbon in basalt soil fertiliser
- Fungi absorbs 30% of emissions annually
- Hydrogen
- Links below are to other websites_____________
- Add lime to reverse ocean acidification: field research
- Algae that cleans waterways & provides energy
- Artificial reefs to grow food and protect coasts
- Artificial reefs made from shellfish
- Black flies recycling organic waste
- Breaking Boundaries: how you can be part of the solution
- Callaghan Innovation: clean tech NZ
- Carbon Crop: carbon farming assessment
- Carbon negative bio-thermoplastic
- Cellular agriculture: lab grown meat & milk (PDF NZ Govt)
- Celllular ag: precision fermentation NEWS
- Climate Leaders Coalition NZ
- Creating Azola forests
- CO2 storage in the ocean + simultaneous deacidification (MIT PDF)
- Desalination cheaper than tap water
- Dunite: storing carbon in agricultural soils
- EECA: Energy Efficiency Authority
- EmGuard: NZ made biodegradable plant guards
- Environmental Defence Society
- Farm actions: assessing how nature-friendly they are
- Fungi-based packaging alternatives
- Generation Less
- Geoengineering
- Geoengineering: proposed principles
- International legal action to ‘stop ecocide’
- Landcare Research: greenhouse gases
- Living seawalls
- Nature-based solutions: cities
- NIWA: climate research
- NZ Lawyers for Climate Action
- Policy & planning: how to avoid maladaptation
- Project Drawdown
- Reducing nitrous oxide in agriculture
- Reducing methane from cows
- Regenerative agriculture: National Science Challenges
- Regenerative agriculture: Quorum Sense
- RethinkX: disruptive technologies
- Sustainable Seas: National Science Challenge
- Transition Engineering: AEMS lab NZ
- Toxic site remediation using plants & fungi
- 100% compostable drink bottles made in NZ